Thumb and Finger Sucking
Thumb or finger sucking habits are quite normal in infancy and early childhood. Many children have these habits for their first few years of life and then stop naturally on their own. It is unnecessary to cause undue attention to these habits at a very early age, as it may cause more harm than good.
Sucking habits become a concern when they are considered excessive. The intensity, frequency, and duration of the habit are factors that can help you determine if your child’s sucking habit is excessive.
Ask yourself the questions below as a guide:
- Intensity: Is the thumb/finger being sucked forcefully enough that the thumb has developed calluses, or changed shape? Can you see strong contraction of the cheeks during the sucking?
- Frequency: Does the sucking occur all day and all night? Does it occur in public or around non-family members?
- Duration: How many years has the habit persisted? (If permanent teeth become involved, there is greater concern.)
What Age Should the Habit Be Stopped?
Sucking habits begin to cause developmental problems to the dental and facial structures if they last beyond 3 years of age. If the sucking habit is excessive, the sooner the problem is identified and addressed, the better!
Facial Growth and Development
The front teeth are the most noticeable structure to be negatively impacted by a thumb or finger sucking habit. However, the entire growth pattern and development of the face can be altered when an excessive sucking habit is present.
These are the most common growth problems associated with sucking habits:
Teeth: A dental “open bite” may form, as well as a cross bite of the back teeth, and/or an over-jet. A “buck tooth” appearance is created by the pressure of the thumb on the front teeth.
Upper Jaw: Forms narrow and high, leaving less space for the nasal sinuses, often affecting the airway and breathing. The tongue can no longer fit easily in the palate, where it should naturally rest.
Lower Jaw: Develops smaller and less prominent, creating a “weak chin” appearance. The profile can be drastically changed by the pressure of the thumb resting on the lower jaw and lower teeth.
Tongue: The tongue is trained to rest low and forward in the mouth by the thumb. An abnormal “tongue thrust” swallow is learned affecting eating, drinking, breathing, speech, appearance, and rest posture of the face.
Appearance: A longer, narrower, and flattened face shape is assumed. All of the structures have grown in downward patterns, as the jaw and mouth are constantly open to accommodate the thumb or finger. The jaw bones and cheek bones form to be much less prominent. A general ‘dull’ or sleepy appearance is common.
How can a Myofunctional Therapist help?
An OMT can be an instrumental figure in helping to stop a sucking habit. Some children need positive reinforcement from an outside source to help them become motivated to stop the habit. A Myofunctional Therapist is trained to help children (and adults) gain control over such habits in a very positive and non-threatening manner.
Orthodontic appliances may also be used to stop a habit, but are often considered a last resort. If necessary, an appliance may be prescribed by your orthodontist and used in combination with Myofunctional Therapy. No matter how your child is able to break the habit, a consultation with an OMT can be very valuable. There is no guarantee that the growth problems associated with sucking habits will normalize on their own.
The Habit Has Stopped, Should I Still See an OMT?
YES! Even if the habit has stopped, the musculature does not always return to “normal” on its own. Often, because the child has used the facial and oral muscles incorrectly for many years, these muscles need to be re-trained in order to function naturally.
A “tongue thrust” is the lasting effect of a sucking habit and is considered to be symptom of a Myofunctional Disorder. If the muscles are not re-trained, problems with speech, orthodontic treatment, dental health, swallowing and breathing may persist throughout life. Myofunctional Therapy is needed to make muscular changes in order to correct a tongue thrust.
REQUEST A CONSULTATION